![]() ![]() ![]() NUMERIC specifies numbers 0-9, HEXADECIMAL includes the NUMERIC alphabet along with A-F, UPPER_CASE_ALPHA_NUMERIC is for 0-9 and A-Z, and ALPHA_NUMERIC specifies 0-9, A-Z and a-z. This can be done by using a shortened name of one of the four most common alphabet types. The FF1 method uses 10 rounds of a Feistel function, and FF3 uses 8 rounds.įor a user utilizing the Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API in GCP, to encrypt with FFX, an alphabet to be used to encrypt the plaintext must be specified. A Feistel function splits the plaintext into two parts, permutates the text to change what it looks like, and then swaps the left half of text to the right and vice versa. FFX uses multiple rounds of a Feistel function on the plaintext, along with a key, to create the ciphertext. Using FFX, Google Cloud Platform allows users to have access to FF1 and FF3 FPE methods, though FF1 is the more commonly used method. ![]() Of the three biggest CSPs, Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), only GCP offers users the ability to work with Format Preserving Encryption. Some cloud service providers (CSPs) offer options to utilize FPE within their platform, but far fewer than regular vendors. Many vendors offer FPE with their services, including Comforte, HashiCorp, Futurex and Xmart Solutions. This NIST publication focuses on the three methods of Format Preserving Encryption, describing the technical details of each mode of operation. An NIST publication, called NIST 800-38G, was created to address FPE. Format Preserving Encryption is a valid encryption algorithm to be used for compliance with NIST standards. This works particularly well with software that cannot handle long strings of data. If an application needed data of a certain length and format, then FPE could be applied to the data to encrypt it while not necessitating the changing of the application. In response, a method called FF3-1 was created in early 2019 which addressed these issues.įPE works extremely well with existing applications as well as new applications. This attack found that the proposed 128-bit level of security was not reached. FF1 is the most commonly used version, because of a cryptanalytic attack performed on the FF3 method which showed it held flaws. The second mode, FF2, was created but never approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). FPE has three different modes of operation: FF1, FF2, and FF3, which are referred to as FFX as a whole.Īll three of the operation methods utilize the AES block cipher within their encryption. Personally Identifiable Information (PII), credit card information, social security numbers, and other sensitive data are normally encrypted with Format Preserving Encryption. By keeping the format the same, an application can do operations on data as if it were the plaintext, while not revealing the sensitive information encrypted. FPE works with existing databases to encrypt data while keeping it in the same format, encrypting data while not harming the function of existing applications.įPE encrypts takes plaintext and converts it to ciphertext, of the same format. FPE is weaker than standard Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), but FPE can preserve the length of the data as well as its format. Format Preserving Encryption, or FPE, is an encryption algorithm which preserves the format of the information while it is being encrypted. ![]()
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